Both prebiotics and probiotics play a key role in your health. Prebiotics are special types of fiber that feed and stimulate the growth of probiotics (friendly bacteria) in your intestines. Pre and probiotics help you breakdown and absorb food and medications. They also help organ systems, like your immune system, function. Probiotic-rich foods and supplements contain living microorganisms, that help regulate your digestive system and fend off bad bacteria that may enter your body.

Where are prebiotics and probiotics found?

Prebiotics and probiotics occur naturally in some foods (see chart below). Regular intake of these foods is one way to support friendly bacteria production in your intestines. Sometimes, the amount of pre/probiotics in food isn’t enough to replete levels of intestinal pre- or probiotics lost to cancer-related causes like diarrhea or vomiting. In this case, pre- or probiotic supplements may be necessary, short term, to help rebuild an optimal level of friendly bacteria in your gut. If you’re wondering if a pre/probiotic supplement is right for you, it’s best to discuss with your care team prior to starting a supplement.

Are there risk factors to taking pre/probiotics as supplements?

Research on the safety of pre/probiotics is ongoing, with very few side effects reported. Some patients report mild diarrhea, bloating, gas. It’s important to note, however, that because pre/probiotic supplements contain live bacteria there are times and conditions for which they are not recommended. This includes patients recovering from stem cell transplant and those with pancreatitis. Pre/probiotic products sold as dietary supplements are not regulated by the FDA, which makes it even more important to discuss the type and amount of any supplement you’re considering with your oncology care team to ensuring your safety.

Are there any benefits of pre/probiotics to my cancer?

Studies evaluating the effectiveness of pre/probiotic use in cancer patients are limited. Current research has shown some potential benefits of probiotics, including slowing or stopping cell replication, and reducing toxicity from some cancer treatments, such as preventing mouth sores from chemotherapy and diarrhea due to radiation treatment. However, these results are inconsistent and vary based on the type and quantity of bacteria in the supplement tested. Pre/probiotics may still be helpful in aiding your overall gut health and immune system, so be sure to check with your oncologist before adding anything to your daily routine.